A na-ejikarị akụkụ atọ mejupụtara ọkụ ọkụ ụgbọ ala: igwe ọkụ, reflector na enyo dakọtara (enyo astigmatism).
1. bọlbụ
Igwe ọkụ ndị a na-eji ọkụ ihu ụgbọ ala bụ ọkụ ọkụ, halogen tungsten bulbs, oriọna arc na-egbuke egbuke ọhụrụ na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(1) Bọlbụ ọkụ: a na-eji waya tungsten mee filament ya (tungsten nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu na ọkụ siri ike).N'oge nrụpụta, iji mee ka ndụ ọrụ nke bọlbụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, bọlbụ ahụ jupụtara na gas inert (nitrogen na ngwakọta nke gas inert).Nke a nwere ike ibelata evaporation nke tungsten waya, welie okpomọkụ nke filament, na welie ìhè arụmọrụ.Ìhè sitere na bọlbụ incandescent nwere agba na-acha odo odo.
(2) Tungsten halide oriọna: Tungsten halide ìhè bọlbụ na-etinye n'ime inert gas n'ime ụfọdụ halide element (dị ka ayodiin, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, wdg), na-eji ụkpụrụ nke tungsten halide recycling mmeghachi omume, ya bụ, na tungsten gas na-ekpochapụ site na filament na-emeghachi omume na halogen iji mepụta tungsten halide na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-agbasa na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị elu dị nso na filament, na-ekpochapụ ya site na okpomọkụ, nke mere na tungsten na-alaghachi na filament.Halogen a tọhapụrụ na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa ma na-ekere òkè na mmeghachi omume okirikiri ọzọ, ya mere okirikiri ahụ na-aga n'ihu, si otú ahụ gbochie evaporation nke tungsten na blackening nke bọlbụ.Tungsten halogen ìhè bọlbụ size bụ obere, na bọlbụ shei mere nke quartz iko na elu okpomọkụ na-eguzogide na elu n'ibu ike, n'okpuru otu ike, nchapụta nke tungsten halogen oriọna bụ 1.5 ugboro nke incandescent oriọna, na ndụ bụ 2 ka. 3 ugboro ogologo.
(3) Ọhụrụ arc oriọna dị elu: oriọna a enweghị filament ọdịnala na bọlbụ.Kama, a na-etinye electrodes abụọ n'ime tube quartz.The tube juputara na xenon na trace metals (ma ọ bụ metal halides), na mgbe e nwere ezuru arc voltaji na electrode (5000 ~ 12000V), gas na-amalite ionize na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik.Atọm gas nọ n'ọnọdụ obi ụtọ wee malite ịmịnye ọkụ n'ihi mgbanwe ọkwa ike nke electrons.Mgbe 0.1s gasịrị, a na-ekpochapụ obere ikuku mercury n'etiti electrodes, a na-ebufe ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo na mercury vapor arc drain, wee bufee ya na oriọna halide arc mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu.Mgbe ọkụ ahụ rutere n'ogo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke bọlbụ ahụ, ike nke ịnọgide na-agbapụta arc dị ntakịrị (ihe dịka 35w), ya mere enwere ike ịchekwa 40% nke ike eletrik.
