Isi ọkụ ụgbọala na-abụkarị akụkụ atọ: bọlbụ ọkụ, reflector na enyo kwekọrọ (enyo astigmatism).
1. bọlbụ
Ọkụ ndị e ji eme ọkụ ụgbọala bụ ọkụ incandescent, ọkụ tungsten halogen, ọkụ ọhụrụ na-enwu nke ọma na ihe ndị ọzọ.
(1) Bọlbụ ọkụ na-enwu gbaa: ejiri waya tungsten mee eriri ya (tungsten nwere ebe agbaze dị elu na ìhè siri ike). N'oge mmepụta, iji mee ka ndụ ọrụ nke bọlbụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, a na-ejupụta bọlbụ ahụ na gas na-enwu gbaa (nitrogen na ngwakọta gas na-enwu gbaa ya). Nke a nwere ike ibelata ikuku nke waya tungsten, mee ka okpomọkụ nke eriri ahụ dịkwuo elu, ma mee ka arụmọrụ na-enwu gbaa ka mma. Ìhè sitere na bọlbụ ọkụ na-enwu gbaa nwere agba odo odo.
(2) Oriọna Tungsten halide: A na-etinye bọlbụ ọkụ Tungsten halide n'ime gas na-adịghị arụ ọrụ n'ime ihe ụfọdụ nwere ike ịpụta ìhè (dịka iodine, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, wdg), site na iji ụkpụrụ nke mmeghachi omume imegharị ihe nke tungsten halide, ya bụ, tungsten gas nke na-ekupụ site na eriri ahụ na-emeghachi omume na halogen iji mepụta halide tungsten na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-agbasa gaa na mpaghara okpomọkụ dị elu dị nso na eriri ahụ, ma na-ere ere site na okpomọkụ, nke mere na tungsten ahụ na-alaghachi na eriri ahụ. Halogen ahụ ewepụtara na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa ma na-esonye na mmeghachi omume okirikiri ọzọ, yabụ okirikiri ahụ na-aga n'ihu, si otú a na-egbochi ikuku nke tungsten na ịgba ọchịchịrị nke bọlbụ ahụ. Nha bọlbụ ọkụ Tungsten halogen dị obere, e ji iko quartz mee shei bọlbụ ahụ, nke nwere oke okpomọkụ na ike igwe dị elu, n'okpuru otu ike ahụ, ìhè nke oriọna halogen tungsten dị okpukpu 1.5 karịa nke oriọna incandescent, ndụ ya dịkwa okpukpu 2 ruo 3.
(3) Ọkụ ọhụrụ na-enwu nke ọma: Ọkụ a enweghị eriri ọdịnala na bọlbụ ahụ. Kama nke ahụ, a na-etinye elektrọd abụọ n'ime ọkpọkọ quartz. A na-ejupụta ọkpọkọ ahụ na xenon na ígwè ndị a na-akpọ trace metal (ma ọ bụ halides metal), mgbe enwere voltaji arc zuru oke na elektrọd ahụ (5000 ~ 12000V), gas ahụ na-amalite ịyọze ion ma na-eduzi ọkụ eletrik. Atọm gas ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ obi ụtọ ma malite ịpụta ìhè n'ihi mgbanwe ọkwa ike nke elektrọn. Mgbe 0.1s gasịrị, a na-ekupụ obere uzuoku mercury n'etiti elektrọd ndị ahụ, a na-ebufekwa ike ozugbo na mwepụta arc mercury vapor arc, wee bufee ya na oriọna halide arc mgbe okpomọkụ rịrị elu. Mgbe ìhè ahụ rutere okpomọkụ ọrụ nkịtị nke bọlbụ ahụ, ike nke idobe mwepụ arc dị obere (ihe dị ka 35w), yabụ enwere ike ịchekwa 40% nke ike eletrik.
