Jenerato ụgbọala.
Ihe na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik bụ isi ihe na-enye ọkụ eletrik n'ụgbọala ahụ, ọrụ ya bụ inye ọkụ eletrik nye ngwa eletriki niile (ma e wezụga ihe na-amalite) mgbe injin ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ma chajie batrị ahụ n'otu oge.
Dabere na winding stator nke a na-akpọ alternator nke nwere usoro atọ, mụbaa ọnụọgụ nke ntụgharị winding ma duga ọdụ ahụ, tinye otu setịpụ nke rectifier nke nwere usoro atọ. Na obere ọsọ, winding nke mbụ na winding ndọtị na-apụta n'usoro, na n'ọsọ dị elu, naanị winding nke nwere usoro atọ mbụ ka a na-emepụta.
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke alternator dum
Mgbe sekit mpụga mere ka ubi ahụ na-agbagharị site na ahịhịa, a na-emepụta oghere magnet, nke mere na a ga-eme ka ogwe aka ahụ banye na ogidi N na ogidi S. Mgbe rotor na-agbagharị, mgbanwe magnet na-agbanwe n'usoro na-agbagharị na stator, dịka ụkpụrụ nke induction electromagnetic si dị, winding nke stator nke nwere usoro atọ ga-emepụta ike electromotive nke na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nke a bụ otu alternator si emepụta ọkụ eletrik.
Ihe na-ebugharị ihe (dịka injin) na-adọkpụ rotor DC na-akpali akpali synchronous generator ka ọ tụgharịa na ọsọ n(rpm), yana ike AC nke na-agbagharị stator nke nwere usoro atọ. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara winding stator na ibu eletriki, moto ahụ nwere ike AC, a na-agbanwekwa ike AC ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ kpọmkwem site na njedebe mmepụta site na akwa rectifier dị n'ime jenereta ahụ.
A na-ekewa Alternator n'ime akụkụ abụọ nke winding stator na winding rotor, a na-ekesa winding stator nke atọ n'elu shei ahụ dịka akụkụ eletriki si dị nke ọdịiche dị n'etiti ibe ha, winding rotor nwere mbọ abụọ. Mgbe ejikọtara winding rotor na ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem, ọ na-akpali akpali, mbọ abụọ ahụ na-etolite ogidi N na ogidi S. Ahịrị ubi magnetik na-amalite site na ogidi N, na-abanye na isi stator site na oghere ikuku wee laghachi na ogidi S dị nso. Ozugbo rotor tụgharịrị, winding rotor ga-ebipụ ahịrị ike magnetik, ma mepụta ike electromotive sinusoidal nke nwere ọdịiche nke Angle eletriki ogo 120 na winding stator, ya bụ, ọkụ eletrik nke atọ, wee site na ihe rectifier nke mejupụtara diodes na mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem.
Mgbe emechiri swiichi ahụ, batrị ahụ na-ebu ụzọ nye ọkụ eletrik. Sekit ahụ bụ:
Batrị dị mma → ọkụ chaja → kọntaktị njikwa → mkpọtụ mkpali → ígwè lap → batrị adịghị mma. N'oge a, ọkụ ihe ngosi chaja ga-enwu n'ihi na ọkụ na-agafe.
Agbanyeghị, mgbe injin ahụ malitere, ka ọsọ jenerato na-abawanye, voltaji njedebe jenerato na-abawanyekwa. Mgbe voltaji mmepụta nke jenerato ahụ hà nhata voltaji batrị, ikike nke njedebe "B" na njedebe "D" nke jenerato ahụ hà nhata, n'oge a, a na-agbanyụ ọkụ ihe ngosi chaja n'ihi na ọdịiche dị n'etiti nsọtụ abụọ ahụ bụ efu. Na-egosi na jenerato ahụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma jenerato ahụ n'onwe ya na-enye ọkụ mkpali. Ike elektrọniki AC nke atọ nke winding nke usoro atọ na jenerato ahụ na-emepụta ka diode na-edozi ma na-ewepụta ọkụ kpọmkwem iji nye ike na ibu na chaja batrị ahụ.
Ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere akụkụ anọ: rotor, stator, rectifier na njedebe mkpuchi.
(1) Rotor
Ọrụ nke rotor bụ ịmepụta mpaghara magnet na-agbagharị agbagharị.
Rotor ahụ nwere ogidi mbọ aka, yok, eriri ndọta, mgbanaka nchịkọta na ogwe rotor.
A na-apịa ogwe aka abụọ n'elu ogwe aka rotor, nke ọ bụla n'ime ogwe aka abụọ ahụ nwere ogwe aka magnet isii nke nnụnụ na-eji ọnụ. A na-edozi eriri magnetik (rotor coil) na yok magnetik n'ime oghere nke ogwe aka ahụ.
Mgbanaka nchịkọta ahụ nwere mgbaaka ọla kọpa abụọ e ji ọla kọpa kpuchie. A na-apịa mgbanaka nchịkọta ahụ n'elu ogwe rotor ma jiri ogwe kpuchie ya. A na-ejikọ mgbaaka nchịkọta abụọ ahụ na nsọtụ abụọ nke winding ubi magnetik.
Mgbe e tinyere mgbanaka abụọ ahụ n'ime ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem (site na ahịhịa), a na-enweta ọkụ eletrik site na winding ubi magnet, a na-emepụtakwa ọkụ eletrik axial, nke mere na otu ogwe aka na-eme ka magnet dịkwuo na ogwe N, nke ọzọ na-eme ka magnet dịkwuo na ogwe S, si otú a na-emepụta ụzọ isii nke ogwe magnetik na-ahapụ ibe ha. Ka rotor na-agbagharị, a na-emepụta oghere magnetik na-agbagharị agbagharị [1].
Sekit magnet nke alternator bụ: yoke →N pole →N ogidi ikuku dị n'etiti rotor na stator → stator →N ogidi ikuku dị n'etiti stator na rotor →S pole →Yoke.
(2) Statọ ahụ
Ọrụ nke stator bụ ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Stator ahụ nwere isi stator na eriri stator.
E ji mpempe ígwè silicon mee ihe mejupụtara isi stator ahụ, nke nwere oghere dị n'ime mgbanaka ahụ, a na-etinyekwa onye na-eduzi winding stator ahụ n'ime oghere nke isi ahụ.
Mkpọchi stator nwere usoro atọ, ebe mkpọchi nke usoro atọ ahụ na-anabata njikọ kpakpando ma ọ bụ njikọ triangle (ike dị elu), nke nwere ike ịmepụta ọkụ eletrik nke usoro atọ.
A ghaghị imegharị ihe mkpuchi nke usoro atọ dịka ụfọdụ ihe achọrọ si dị iji nweta otu ugboro, nha nhata nke oke, ọdịiche nke usoro nke ike eletriki nke usoro atọ nke 120°.
1. Anya dị n'etiti akụkụ abụọ dị irè nke eriri ọ bụla kwesịrị ịdị ka oghere nke ogwe magnetik ji.
2. Anya dị n'etiti nsọtụ mmalite nke eriri ndị dị n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke winding nkebi kwesịrị ịdị ka ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ nke anya nke otu osisi magnetik abụọ bi.
3. A ga-ekewa akụkụ mmalite nke eriri atọ ahụ site na Angle eletriki 2π+120o (oghere nke osisi magnetik abụọ bi bụ Angle eletriki 360o).
N'ime usoro ihe ndọta JF13 dị n'ime ụlọ, otu osisi ndọta abụọ na-akọwa ọnọdụ oghere nke oghere isii (Angle eletriki 60o kwa oghere), ogwe ndọta na-akọwa ọnọdụ oghere nke oghere atọ, yabụ oge ọnọdụ nke akụkụ abụọ dị irè nke eriri ọ bụla bụ oghere atọ, anya dị n'etiti nsọtụ mmalite nke eriri ọ bụla dị n'akụkụ oghere eriri isii, enwere ike kewaa nsọtụ mmalite nke eriri atọ site na oghere abụọ, oghere asatọ, oghere atọ. oghere iri na anọ, wdg.
(3) Ihe ndozi
Ọrụ nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe alternator bụ ịgbanwe ọkụ eletrik nke usoro atọ nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke stator ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik kpọmkwem. Ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke tube isii bụ sekit ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke usoro atọ nke nwere diode silicon rectifier isii, a na-etinyekwa tube rectifier isii ahụ n'otu n'otu (ma ọ bụ dụkọta) na efere abụọ.
1. Àgwà nke diode silicon rectifier ụgbọala
(1) Oke ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ, nkezi ọkụ eletrik na-aga n'ihu 50A, nkezi ọkụ eletrik na-arị elu 600A;
(2) Voltaji azụ dị elu, voltaji elu azụ ugboro ugboro 270V, voltaji elu azụ nke na-anaghị emegharị ugboro ugboro 300V;
(3) Naanị otu ndu ka dị. Ụfọdụ ndu diode nwere ezigbo, ụfọdụ ndu diode nwere adịghị mma, a na-akpọ ọkpọkọ nwere ezigbo ndu tube dị mma, a na-akpọkwa ọkpọkọ nwere na-adịghị mma tube dị mma, yabụ na diode nwere na-adịghị mma nwere diode dị mma na diode dị njọ.
(4) Mkpuchi njedebe
A na-ekewa mkpuchi njedebe ụzọ abụọ (mkpuchi ihu na mkpuchi azụ), nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka idozi rotor, stator, rectifier na brush combination. A na-ejikarị aluminum alloy kpụọ mkpuchi njedebe, nke nwere ike igbochi ntapu magnet nke ọma ma nwee arụmọrụ dị mma nke mgbasa okpomọkụ.
A na-enye mkpuchi azụ nke ahịhịa mejupụtara ahịhịa, ihe njide ahịhịa na ihe mkpuchi ahịhịa. Ọrụ nke ahịhịa ahụ bụ itinye ike eletrik site na mgbanaka nchịkọta n'ime ihe mkpuchi ubi.
Njikọ dị n'etiti winding ubi magnetik (brushes abụọ) na generator dị iche, nke mere na e kewara generator ahụ n'ime ụdị dị n'ime na nke dị n'èzí.
1. Ihe na-emepụta ígwè dị n'ime: Ihe na-emepụta ígwè nwere ahịhịa na-adịghị mma nke na-agbanwe site na magnetik ruo na ígwè lap (ejikọrọ ozugbo na ebe a na-edebe ihe).
2. Generator nke e ji ihe mkpuchi mpụta: Generator nke e ji ihe mkpuchi brọsh abụọ nke winding ubi kpuchie site na ebe obibi ahụ.
A na-ejikọ elektrọd na-adịghị mma (ahịhịa na-adịghị mma) nke winding ubi magnetik nke jenerato ụdị ígwè mpụga na onye na-achịkwa ya, wee jikọọ ígwè ahụ mgbe ọ gafere.
Ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ịmatakwu, gaa n'ihu na-agụ akụkọ ndị ọzọ dị na saịtị a!
Biko kpọọ anyị ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ngwaahịa ndị dị otu a.
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